Tax competition between States ; La concurrence fiscale étatique
The tax competition between States arises from the high level of tension between the different countries.Indeed, as States do not have the same budgetary needs, an intense rivalry grew between the tax systems.Their main goal is to attract the largest number of economic actors. The tax competition between Statesis a battle between countries for competitiveness. This phenomenon is a part of a global economy and isgaining increasingly in strength for over a decade. As a result of this, tax benefits are provided fortaxpayers because the tax competition between States leads to a race to the bottom.However, in order to reduce the amount of tax, some economic operators cheat and breach the nationaltax regimes. And so, the harmful tax competition is born. The European Union (EU), the Organisationfor Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the States fight the latter fact.It is important to devise solutions that minimise harmful tax competition and remove the in-built biastowards taxation of less mobile basis, especially because the context is changing due to the health crisisand the development of the digital economy. Even though the tax harmonisation fails, somecoordination measures could be used to regulate the tax competition between States. Loyalty is the keyterm.The quest for a loyal tax competition between States is not a matter of government finances at least inbalance. It's a major challenge to the durability of tax and social systems of each country.Although the concept of the tax competition between States is based on economic doctrines, thisapproach is now obsolete. The law approach is essential to apprehend this notion, particularly to frame,control and punish it. ; La concurrence fiscale étatique naît du climat de tension régnant entre les différents pays. En effet, les Etats n'ontpas les mêmes besoins budgétaires, ce qui engendre une bataille entre les systèmes fiscaux afin d'attirer le plusgrand nombre d'agents économiques. La concurrence fiscale étatique apparaît donc comme une compétition ...